Court decision
Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
Supreme Court of the United States
Examines editorial discretion on social-media platforms and the requirements for facial First Amendment challenges.
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Amendment I
Ratified December 15, 1791
U.S. Constitution / Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Original spelling and punctuation preserved.
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The research file.
15 local PDFs for this amendment, with source details and a direct download for each. Start with an overview or follow a case.
Read each source in context. Court decisions and dated analyses are preserved as published. Later law may change their meaning. Sources marked as context explore related questions; they are not direct holdings on this amendment.
15 documents in this file
Court decision
Counterman v. Colorado
Supreme Court of the United States
Addresses the mental-state requirement for punishing true threats consistently with free speech.
Court decision
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
Supreme Court of the United States
Examines a public-school coach's prayer and the interaction of free exercise, speech, and establishment principles.
Court decision
Reed v. Town of Gilbert
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Explains heightened scrutiny for content-based sign regulations.
Court decision
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines laws targeting religious practices and the requirements of neutrality and general applicability.
Court decision
Employment Division v. Smith
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines free-exercise claims against neutral, generally applicable laws; read with subsequent developments.
Court decision
Texas v. Johnson
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Addresses flag burning as protected expressive conduct.
Court decision
Cohen v. California
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines protection for offensive political expression in public.
Court decision
New York Times Co. v. United States
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Addresses prior restraints on publishing the Pentagon Papers.
Court decision
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Explains the distinction between protected advocacy and incitement to imminent unlawful action.
Court decision
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines student political expression and disruption in public schools.
Court decision
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Establishes the actual-malice standard for public-official defamation claims.
Court decision
Edwards v. South Carolina
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines peaceful protest, assembly, and petitioning on public grounds.
Court decision
NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Examines freedom of association and compelled disclosure of membership lists.
Court decision
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Supreme Court of the United States / U.S. Reports
Addresses compelled speech and compulsory flag salutes in public schools.
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